Brucellosis – also called Bang’s disease, Crimean fever, Gibraltar fever, Malta fever, Maltese fever, Mediterranean fever, rock fever, or undulant fever – is a zoonotic infection of domesticated and wild animals, caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Brucella are gram-negative, intracellular bacteria that can infect many species of animals including wildlife species and marine mammals, as well as humans. Species infecting domestic livestock are B. melitensis (goats and sheep), B. suis (pigs), B. abortus (cattle and bison), B. ovis (sheep), and B. canis (dogs). Humans become infected by ingestion of food products of animal origin (such as undercooked meat or unpasteurized milk or dairy products), direct contact with infected animals, or inhalation of infectious aerosols. Transmission from human to human is rare but possible.